Gold mining dates to 4000 BCE or earlier, with humans using placer (panning) methods to extract gold from alluvial deposits and later developing underground mining techniques. Methods evolved from hand-picking and panning to using water to wash away lighter sediments, large machinery like arrastres and stamp mills for crushing ore, and chemical processes using mercury and later cyanide for extraction. Modern mining uses explosives, mining in

Africa has created lots of risks to native Africans improving very little in Africa lives.